Fire extinguishers are the first line of defence against small, controllable fires. Knowing how to use one properly can protect lives, reduce property damage, and prevent a minor incident from turning into a major emergency. However, extinguishers must only be used when it is safe to do so and when you are confident in your ability to operate them. The steps below outline how to respond safely and effectively when faced with a small fire.
Fire spreads quickly, and hesitation can make conditions unsafe within seconds. Understanding how to operate an extinguisher ensures you can act decisively only when appropriate while maintaining a clear escape path. In larger fires or situations involving rapid smoke growth, your priority should always be evacuation and activating emergency systems.
For full readiness, facilities should also keep their extinguishers inspected regularly: Fire Extinguisher Inspection Services
If your building has a fire alarm, pull the alarm immediately to alert others. Regardless of size or severity, always call the fire department. Even if you extinguish the fire, firefighters must verify that the area is safe and the fire is fully out.
If your building’s fire alarm requires annual servicing, see: Fire Alarm Inspection Services
Before approaching the fire, determine which fuel is burning so you can select the appropriate fire extinguisher. Using the wrong extinguisher can worsen the situation.
To understand fire classes and extinguisher types, refer to: Choosing the Correct Type of Fire Extinguisher
Before attempting to extinguish the fire, make sure:
Your exit route is behind you
There is no smoke blocking your path
The fire has not grown too large
If at any point your route becomes compromised, evacuate immediately.
The PASS method is the internationally recognized procedure for operating a fire extinguisher.
PULL
Pull the safety pin from the extinguisher handle. A twist may be required to break the tamper seal.
AIM
Aim the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire, not the flames. Maintain approximately 8 feet (2.5 meters) of distance.
SQUEEZE
Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Maintain firm, steady pressure for consistent discharge.
SWEEP
Sweep the nozzle from side to side at the base of the fire until it is extinguished.
Do not turn away immediately watch the area to ensure the fire does not re-ignite.
Even with proper technique, some fires cannot be extinguished with a portable extinguisher. Evacuate immediately if:
The extinguisher becomes empty and the fire continues
Smoke increases or visibility decreases
Heat intensifies and conditions become unsafe
Your escape path becomes threatened
Personal safety always comes first.
Although this article focuses on operation, choosing the correct extinguisher type is equally important. Common types include:
ABC Dry Chemical – multipurpose for Class A, B, and C fires
CO₂ Extinguishers – suitable for electrical and flammable liquid fires
Pressurized Water – for Class A fires only
Foam – for Class A and B fires
Wet Chemical (Class K) – required for commercial kitchens
Otis Fire Protection offers:
Installation
Inspection
Refill and maintenance
Sizing and placement recommendations
Certification for code compliance
These services ensure full readiness during emergencies and help meet requirements under NFPA 10 and local fire bylaws.
Additional fire safety services include:
Understanding how to use a fire extinguisher and knowing when not to use one is essential for personal safety. With proper training, the PASS method, and awareness of your surroundings, you can respond effectively to small fires.
For installation, inspection, or certification of fire extinguishers, Otis Fire Protection is ready to assist with professional, code-compliant service across the Lower Mainland.
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